Ruskin (1819-1900) was an English critic of the Victorian era who was a campaigner against industrial capitalism. Gandhi was greatly moved by Thoreau's concept that prison is where a just man belongs under an unjust government and referred to him as his "teacher." He even credited the American thinker with giving scientific confirmation to his non-violent mode of agitation.
Written in 1849 at the age of 32, the transcendentalist thinker vouched for deliberate resistance from people against unjust laws enforced upon them. It was while leading his "Passive Resistance" agitation against the apartheid government's new law that he read Thoreau's essay titled On the Duty of Civil Disobedience. VIDEO: Revisiting the Mahatma’s legacy at Delhi National Gandhi Museum The law made it mandatory for all Indians over the age of eight to register under it and carry the card provided afterwards all the time - failing which could lead to a fine, a prison term, or deportation. It was during his time in South Africa that Gandhi developed his concept of "Civil Disobedience." It was the time when the Indian population in the African country was fighting the "Asiatic Registration Act" introduced by the colonial government.
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